Fiz uma cópia da Wikipédia pois achei o texto bom, principalmente a ênfase ao direito natural de desobedecer a injustiça...
Desobediência civil
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.
Aspectos gerais
O autor americano Henry David Thoreau foi o pioneiro a estabelecer a teoria relativa dessa prática em seu ensaio de 1849, originalmente intitulado "Resistência ao Governo Civil", que mais tarde reintitulou "Desobediência Civil". A idéia predominante abrangida pelo ensaio era de auto-aprovação e de como alguém pode estar em boas condições morais enquanto "escraviza ou faz sofrer um outro homem"; então não precisamos lutar fisicamente contra o governo, mas sim não apoiá-lo nem deixar que ele o apóie estando você contra ele. Este ensaio exerceu uma grande influência sobre muitos praticantes da desobediência civil. No ensaio, Thoreau explicitou suas razões porque se recusara a pagar seus impostos, como um ato de protesto contra a escravidão e contra a Guerra Mexicana.
Vale ressaltar, no entanto, que antes de Thoreau, existiram outros que, através de teorias próprias mas acessórias a outras teses principais, também esposaram atos que demonstram atos de desobediência civil, como faz Antígona, na peça Grega de Sófocles. Também outros teóricos, em especial do Iluminismo trataram de possibilidades de desobediência quando apresentavam suas obras de cunho político e jurídico acerca da formação do Estado e da submissão do povo a este, como Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke e Kant. Contudo, vale o crédito dado a Thoreau, por ter sido o primeiro a tratar especificamente da Desobediência à ordem instituída, e quando tal seria aplicável, sem utilizar tal teoria para ilustrar outras teses.
A desobediência civil serviu como uma tática principal aos movimentos nacionalistas em antigas colonias da África e Ásia, antes de adquirirem a liberdade. O mais notável, Mahatma Gandhi, usou a desobediência civil como uma ferramenta anti colonialista. Martin Luther King, líder do movimento dos direitos civis dos Estados Unidos nos anos da década de 1960, também adotou as técnicas da desobediência civil e ativistas anti-guerra, tanto durante quanto depois da Guerra do Vietnã, também agiram igualmente.
Paradas de demonstração de opinião e protestos, como as campanhas anti-guerra que ocorreram contra a invasão ao Iraque não são necessariamente desobediência civil, pois muitos cidadãos que dessas campanhas participam continuam apoiando o governo de outras formas.
A desobediência civil serviu também como uma tática da oposição polonesa contra os comunistas. (ver "solidariedade").
Muitos dos que praticam a desobediência civil o fazem desprovidos de crença religiosa e o clero frequentemente participa ou lidera ações de desobediência civil. Por exemplo: os irmãos Berrigan nos Estados unidos, são padres que já foram diversas vezes presos em atos de desobediência civil em manifestações contra a guerra.
Buscando uma forma ativa de resistência, aqueles que praticam a desobediência civil escolhem deliberadamente por quebrar certas leis, seja formando piquetes pacíficos ou ocupando ilegalmente algum prédio. Fazem isso na expectativa de que serão presos, ou até mesmo atacados pela autoridade. Existem métodos já estudados de como reagir a ataques e tentativas de prisão, de maneira que possam fazê-lo sem resistência, passivamente, sem problemas para as autoridades.
Aspectos jurídicos
A Desobediência Civil, de acordo com alguns teóricos juristas brasileiros e estrangeiros, como Maria Garcia, Machado Paupério e Nelson Nery da Costa, é uma das formas de expressão do Direito de Resistência, sendo esta uma espécie de Direito de Exceção que, embora tenha cunho jurídico, não necessita de leis para garanti-lo, uma vez que se trata de um meio de garantir outros direitos básicos. Ele tem lugar quando as instituições públicas não estão cumprindo seu fiel papel e quando não existem outros remédios legais possíveis que garantam o exercício de direitos naturais, como a vida, a liberdade e a integridade física.
Além da Desobediência Civil, também são exemplos de resistência o Direto de Greve (para proteger os direitos homogêneos dos trabalhadores) e o Direito de Revolução (para resguardar o direito do povo exercer a sua soberania quando a mesma é ofendida).
Referências Bibliográficas
COSTA, Nelson Nery da. Teoria e Realidade da Desobediência Civil
GARCIA, Maria. Desobediência Civil - Direito Fundamental
THOREAU, Henry D.. A Desobediência Civil
Veja este texto:(ponto de vista ASD e protestante também...)
O princípio pelo qual os discípulos se mantiveram tão destemidamente quando, em resposta à ordem de não falarem mais no nome de Jesus, declararam: "Julgai vós se é justo, diante de Deus, ouvir-vos antes a vós que a Deus" (Atos 4:19), é o mesmo que os adeptos do evangelho se esforçaram por manter nos dias da Reforma. Quando, em 1529, os príncipes alemães se reuniram na dieta de Spira, foi-lhes apresentado o decreto do imperador, restringindo a liberdade religiosa, e proibindo toda posterior disseminação das doutrinas reformadas. Dir-se-ia que a presença do mundo estava prestes a ser esmagada. Aceitariam os príncipes o decreto? Devia a luz do evangelho, ser vedada às multidões ainda em trevas? Achavam-se em jogo decisões importantes para o mundo. Os que haviam aceito a fé reformada reuniram-se, sendo sua unânime decisão: "Rejeitemos este decreto. Em questões de consciência, a maioria não influi." - D"Aubigné, História da Reforma, livro 13, cap. 5.
Este princípio, temos de manter firmemente em nossos dias. A bandeira da verdade e da liberdade religiosa desfraldada pelos fundadores da igreja evangélica e pelas testemunhas de Deus durante os séculos decorridos desde então, foi, neste último conflito, confiada a nossas mãos. A responsabilidade deste grande dom repousa com aqueles a quem Deus abençoou com o conhecimento de Sua Palavra. Temos de receber essa Palavra como autoridade suprema. Cumpre-nos reconhecer o governo humano como uma instituição designada por Deus, e ensinar obediência ao mesmo como um dever sagrado, dentro de sua legítima esfera. Mas, quando suas exigências se chocam com as reivindicações de Deus, temos que obedecer a Deus de preferência aos homens. A Palavra de Deus precisa ser reconhecida como estando acima de toda a legislação humana. Um "Assim diz o Senhor", não deve ser posto à margem por um "Assim diz a igreja", ou um "Assim diz o Estado". A coroa de Cristo tem de ser erguida acima dos diademas de autoridades terrestres.
Não se nos exige que desafiemos as autoridades. Nossas palavras, quer faladas quer escritas, devem ser cuidadosamente consideradas, para que não sejamos tidos na conta de proferir coisas que nos façam parecer contrários à lei e à ordem. Não devemos dizer nem fazer coisa alguma que nos venha desnecessariamente impedir o caminho. Temos de avançar em nome de Cristo, defendendo as verdades que nos foram confiadas. Se somos proibidos pelos homens de fazer essa obra, podemos então dizer como os apóstolos: "Julgai vós se é justo, diante de Deus, ouvir-vos antes a vós do que a Deus? Porque não podemos deixar de falar do que temos visto e ouvido." Atos 4:19 e 20.
http://www.ellenwhitebooks.com/?l=5&p=68
http://www.ellenwhitebooks.com/?l=5&p=69
Desobediência civil.
Desobediência civil.
(HNT) ויאמר אלי אחד מן־הזקנים אל־תבכה הנה נצח האריה אשר הוא משבט Rev 5:5
http://www.rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=13986
http://rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=14653
http://www.rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=13986
http://rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=14653
Re.: Desobediência civil.
Nenhum comentário? Vocês não sabem que com a Bíblia de Lutero começou a comunicação em massa e a primeira rebelião da população recém-alfabetizada contra as injustiças? 

(HNT) ויאמר אלי אחד מן־הזקנים אל־תבכה הנה נצח האריה אשר הוא משבט Rev 5:5
http://www.rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=13986
http://rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=14653
http://www.rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=13986
http://rv.cnt.br/viewtopic.php?t=14653
In Congress, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new guards for their future security — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. — The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free system of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislature, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions we have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.
And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new guards for their future security — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. — The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free system of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislature, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions we have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.
And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
Nós, Índios.
Acauan Guajajara
ACAUAN DOS TUPIS, o gavião que caminha
Lutar com bravura, morrer com honra.
Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!
Acauan Guajajara
ACAUAN DOS TUPIS, o gavião que caminha
Lutar com bravura, morrer com honra.
Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!
Re: Re.: Desobediência civil.
docdeoz escreveu:Nenhum comentário? Vocês não sabem que com a Bíblia de Lutero começou a comunicação em massa e a primeira rebelião da população recém-alfabetizada contra as injustiças?
Erro 1:
Quem começou a comunicação em massa, tanto da Bíblia quanto de outras fontes, não foi Lutero e sim Guttemberg, que inventando a imprensa mecanizada permitiu a popularização dos livros;
Erro 2:
Rebeliões contra injustiças tem precedentes muito anteriores a Lutero.
Roma surgiu de uma rebelião que lhe deu independência dos Etruscos. Séculos depois a própria Roma teve que enfrentar a revolta dos escravos comandada por Espártaco, a Magna Carta inglesa foi assinada pelo Princípe John por conta de uma rebelião comandada por barões que defendiam direitos da população e por aí vai.
Adventistas...
Nós, Índios.
Acauan Guajajara
ACAUAN DOS TUPIS, o gavião que caminha
Lutar com bravura, morrer com honra.
Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!
Acauan Guajajara
ACAUAN DOS TUPIS, o gavião que caminha
Lutar com bravura, morrer com honra.
Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!